Fathering through Change (FTC): Testing Online Parent Training for Divorcing Fathers

Introduction

For fathers, marital separation leads to increased mental and physical health problems including increased stress, depression, and anxiety specifically attributable to parenting role strains and loss of social supports. Effective parenting and quality father involvement are critical for ameliorating children’s adjustment problems after divorce. In this paper we present initial results from a randomized control trial involving online parent training using the Fathering through Change (FTC) program. FTC is a 12-week blended learning approach engages participants in group-based learning as well as individualized interactive instruction through video models tailored to divorced father needs. The FTC includes program components on effective parenting strategies, father involvement, emotion regulation and mindful parenting, as well as strategies for managing conflict and the divorce process.

Methods

The FTC efficacy trial involves three key assessments; baseline pre-intervention (Time 1), a 6-week post core-curriculum (Time 2), and 12-week post booster intervention (Time 3). To date 255 fathers have been assessed at Time 1, 119 at Time 2, and 59 at Time 3. A Time 1 sample of 350 fathers is anticipated based on power and study design. Self-report data are collected online including measures of parenting behaviors using the Parenting Practices Interview, mindful parenting using the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale, parental efficacy using the Tool to measure Parenting Self Efficacy, and Fathering Research and Practice Network of father engagement. Secondary measures include program and interface usability, satisfaction, and knowledge tests. Online meta data also assess program engagement.

Results

Preliminary intent to treat (ITT) pre-post analysis of covariance ANOVA models for 119 fathers assessed at Time 1 and Time 2 are showing improved parenting efficacy [F (1,116) = 4.30, p < .05]; reduced use of harsh punitive and coercive parenting behaviors [F (1,116) = 11.32, p < .01]; and marginal improvements in mindful parenting [F (1,116) = 2.64, p < .10]. By Spring 2017 we will test hypothesized relationships using 3 wave ITT growth models.

Conclusions

Relative to couple and single mother parenting programs, few evidence based parenting programs exist for divorcing and single fathers from all custodial arrangements. Data to date from the FTC indicate that efficacy can be obtained using a balance between brief and intensive in-person training via blended modalities.