A Qualitative Study of Smoking Cessation Experiences and Perceptions Among Homeless Youth

Introduction: This study examined the reasons for quitting smoking, previous experiences quitting smoking, and preferences for smoking cessation programs among homeless youth.

Methods: Qualitative data from focus groups were used to assess the perspectives of homeless youth recruited from one shelter and three drop-in centers serving homeless youth in Los Angeles County. Focus group sessions were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by a systematic procedure for qualitative analysis to identify key themes on the topics of interest.

Results: Twenty-seven youth (mean age: 22.1 years, range: 18-25) participated in four focus groups. The main reasons for quitting among homeless youth were the short-term health-related consequences of smoking, such as decreased energy levels, shortness of breath, and possible infections caused by “sniping” (smoking discarded butts or filters). Many participants had family members with smoking-related illnesses and displayed knowledge of long-term consequences of smoking. For youth who were interested in quitting or reducing their smoking, the main reasons were related to health concerns and the cost of cigarettes; barriers to quitting included high levels of stress and being around other smokers. Although some youth had previously used smoking cessation products, participants generally expressed a preference for quitting on their own. Nonetheless, youth responded positively to the possibility of attending a smoking cessation program if incentives were provided.

Conclusions: Homeless youth are knowledgeable about the health-related consequences of smoking, express a desire to quit, and are receptive to attending smoking cessation programs.